And here's the letter D.P. sent to his MP:
Dear Diane,
As a resident of your riding, I wanted to bring the following issue to your attention.
According to a report in the Financial Post ("Offshore investors to fight changes in capital gains rules", by Jonathan Chevreau, August 15), legislation proposed by the Department of Finance will provide for unique and punitive tax treatment of exchange-traded funds (ETFs). An ETF is like a mutual fund, in that it holds a variety of securities. Mutual funds, however, can be sold only at the end of the day at whatever was the closing net asset value of the fund. ETFs are traded on an exchange (usually the American Exchange) just like a common stock. Typically these are index-type funds. For example, one of the more popular funds, known as the Qs (for the trading symbol QQQ), tracks the 100 largest companies on the NASDAQ exchange. Another, known as Diamonds, tracks the Dow Jones Industrial Index. Not only can these funds be bought and sold throughout the trading session, they are inexpensive. The management fee on Diamonds, for example, is about 0.15%. By contrast, the Management Expense Ratios on U.S. equity mutual funds offered in Canada are typically between 2% and 3% -- that is, more than ten times the cost of the U.S. index fund. Even the fees on the U.S. index mutual funds offered by the chartered banks are almost twice that of the ETF.
As you know, for most investments held outside of tax-protected accounts, holdings are not taxable until sold, and are then taxed at the capital gains rate of two-thirds inclusion. The proposed legislation would have ETFs marked to market annually. That is, the account holder would be deemed to have sold the holding once each year. Moreover, if there were a capital gain, it would be taxed at a rate of 100%. In effect, the Department of Finance would prohibit Canadians from holding ETFs outside of RRSPs.
Why is this important? It is well-understood that the most important determinant of return to an investment portfolio is the asset allocation decision. That is, what share of your portfolio is bonds, what share to equities; what share to technology vs. financial services; what share to Europe vs. Canada. Until recently, the investor first had to make the asset allocation decision, and then choose a particular security. Say, for example, that they decided a year ago that the transportation sector should have a prominent place in the portfolio. If they chose Bombardier, they prospered. If they chose Laidlaw, the decision was a disaster. An ETF would allow them to instead choose a transportation sub-index, with exposure to perhaps 20 companies, significantly reducing their risk.
ETFs are important, then, in that they offer the investor the opportunity to improve the performance of their portfolio, at a far, far lower cost than the mutual funds offered by the banks. With the questionable ability of the Canadian government to assure income support to retired baby-boomers, the performance of Canadians' investments is of vital importance.
Why does federal Finance seek to discourage investment in ETFs? The stated aim is to curtail the use of overseas investing to avoid Canadian taxes. If you have ever had an account at a Canadian brokerage, you know this argument is specious. There is no way to avoid the disclosure requirements. Moreover, it is perfectly legitimate for you to purchase the 30 individual stocks in the Dow Jones Industrial Average. If you hold them for more than a year, there is no deemed disposition. If they are worth more when you sell them, your capital gain is taxed at two-thirds. Why, then, would the purchase of the Diamonds ETF, which is the same 30 stocks, be treated differently?
One suggestion is that this legislation is a sop to the banks, perhaps as compensation for the merger fiasco. The fact of the matter is that ETFs threaten the established order in the mutual fund industry (The Financial Post ran a series of articles on this on July 22, which can be accessed on their website). Until recently, Canadians were captive. The mutual funds offered in Canada performed less well, and with significantly higher MERs, than those offered to Americans resident in the U.S. Moreover, the volatility of the markets, and the proliferation of index funds, made it more and more important to adopt at least a core of index funds into your portfolio. If consumers no longer purchased whatever mutual fund the banks recommended, the banks would lose a profit centre. This legislation helps the banks defer that crisis.
For the record, I am not employed in the brokerage industry. I do not sell ETFs. My interest in this issue is as a tail-end boomer, who understands all too well that he's on his own when it comes to taking care of his retirement. I hope soon to have used all my RRSP room, and to begin investing in non-registered accounts. By "virtue" of the foreign content restrictions on RRSPs, my non-registered accounts will be weighted to foreign content. At the same time, I do not begin to have the expertise to pick stocks in Europe or Asia. So I expect to depend on ETFs like the Euro350. Instead, the Department of Finance wants me to be hostage to the Canadian banks.
My apologies for the length of this note. This is a complicated issue, and I did not want to presuppose that you had already been briefed on it. Thank you for your attention to this matter.
Sincerely yours,